AP Psychology Assignments

1. Did you give an honest account of yourself to prepare for the exam, or just waste time and didn't care if you passed or not? Explain your answer.

For your final project, pick a notorious serial killer- one male and one female- and do a 5 slide presentation on each(10 slides total)

John is the field goal kicker on his high school's football team and has been invited to attend a college evaluation clinic where coaches will watch him perform along with other kickers looking for scholarship opportunities. Two things that have made John a good kicker are great self confidence and careful preparation for whatever conditions he will face in a game. However, he has concerns about his clinic because of three things:

*Only his teammates who hold and snap the ball will be on the field with him. All the evaluators will be in the press box and he will not see them. 
* The field is an artificial turf and he has never played on such a surface.
* Several days ago, he sustained an eye injury and he will be wearing a patch over his left eye. He has been unable to practice since the accident.


Explain how each of the following factors could influence John's performance at the clinic:
* The "Big Five" trait of Openness to Experience
* Convergence (depth perception)
* Cognitive dissonance
*Social facilitation
* Sympathetic nervous system 
* Non-declarative memory
* Self-efficacy

Yesterday when a brown bear unexpectedly appeared in his back yard, John ran into his house faster than he ever ran before.
a. Describe how John's eye and brain enabled him to see the bear. In your description, include how the eye focused the image, transduced energy, and transmitted information to the brain. Identify the parts of the brain involved.
b. Explain how the fight or flight response enabled John to run faster than ever before. 
c. Using a current theory of emotion, account for why John experienced fear rather than anger or sadness.

1. Alex,a high school junior has been struggling recently in many areas of his life. He is overweight and spends several hours a day watching Netflix and YouTube. He is having trouble keeping up in class and says he cannot seem to maintain his focus. He is also having trouble making friends and fitting in at school. 


Explain how the following applied psychologists might attempt to help Alex's current situation.
Health psychologist
School psychologist
Counseling psychologist.


2. A teacher wants to know if nightmares are more common than dreams. He asks for volunteers from his second period class and asks them to report how many dreams they had last week. He then asks his third period class volunteers to report the number of nightmares they had last week. Describe two things wrong with the design of this study.


3. While walking barefoot, you step on a piece of glass. Before you have a chance to consciously process what had happened, you draw your foot away from the glass. Identify and explain the three types of neurons that deal with information regarding this painful stimulus.

1. Jackie has been chosen for the lead role in the school play. 
Part A
Explain how each of the following concepts may help her performance in the play.
*Context-dependent memory
*Acetylcholine
*Kinsethetic sense
* Selective attention


Part B
Explain how each of the following concepts mat hinder her performance in the play.
*Proactive interference
*Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal
*External locus of control

Yesterday when a brown bear unexpectedley appeared in his back yard, John ran into his house faster than ever before. 
a. Describe how John's eye and brain enabled him to see the bear. In your description, include how the eye focused on the image, transduced energy, and transmitted information to the brain. Identify parts of the brain that are involved.
b. Explain how the "fight or flight" response enabled John to run faster than ever before. c. Using a current theory of emotion, account for wht John eperienced fear, rather than anger or sadness.

Although historically nature versus nurture was considered an all or none proposition, most psychologists today agree that heredity and environment are both important in determining behavior and mental processes. Describe the extent to which heredity and the extent to which environment affect expression of each of the following:


*shyness
*language aquisition
* phenylketonuria
* violent behavior
* schizophrenia

A neuroscientist thinks he has developed a drug that can stop the progression of Alzheimer's disease in people who are in the initial stages of the disease. Design a research experiment that will support or refute his hypothesis. In your research design describe the following:
*sample
*assignment
* independent variable
*dependent variable
*experimental group
*control group
*possible confounding variable
*how you would determine whether or not the drug is effective

The AP Board would generally give you about 25 minutes to answer EACH short answer question. Remember to DEFINE and EXPLAIN each question. 


Question1
For each of the pairs of terms below, provide an example of how the first term in each pair affects or is related to the second.


basal metabolic rate........obesity
spacing effect.........studying
industrial/organizational psychology.......product design
Chameleon effect ........mirror neurons
maturation........infant memory

Define the following:
1. mere exposure effect
2.companionate love
3. equity
4. self-disclosure
5. bystander effect
6. social exchange theory
7. reciprocity norm
8. social-responsibilty norm
9. conflict
10. social traps
11. mirror image perceptions
12. self-fulfilling prophecy
13. subordinate goals
14. GRIT

1. Aggression
2. frustration aggression principle
3. social script

a. Explain how psychology's definition of aggression differs from everyday usage, and identity the biological factors that make us more prone to hurt one another.
b. Outline the psychological and social-cultural triggers of aggression.

Define the following:
1. social facilitation
2. social loafing
3. deindividuation
4. group polarization
5. groupthink
6. culture

a. How does the presence of others influence our actions via social facilitation, social loafing, and deindividuation>
b. How can group interaction enable group polarization?
c.What role does the internet play in group polarization?
d. How can group interaction enable groupthink?
e. How does culture affect our behavior?

1. norms
2. conformity
3. normative social influence
4. informational social influence

Explain the following experiments:
a. Zimbardo prison experiment
b. Asch's conformity experiment
c.Millgram's obedience experimen

Discuss the following:
1. social psychology
2.attribution theory
3. fundamental attribution error
4. attitude
5. peripheral route persuasion
6. central route persuasion
7. foot-in-the-door-phenomenon
8. role
9. cognitive dissonance theory

a. What do social psychologists study?
b. How do attitudes and actions interact?

1. Behavior therapy
2. counterconditioning
3.exposure therapy
4. systematic desensitization
5. virtual reality exposure
6.aversive conditioning
7. token economy
8. cognitive therapy
9. rational-emotive behavior therapy
10. cognitive-behavioral therapy
11. group therapy
12. family therapy

a. The following are a list of modern therapies. Explain what is the presumed problem, what is the therapy aim, and what therapy technique is used for each one listed:
Psychodynamic
Client-centered
Behavior
Cognitive
Cognitive-behavioral
Group and Family

Define the following:
1. somatic symptom disorder
2. conversion disorder
3. illness anxiety disorder
4.dissociative disorder
5. dissociative identity disorder
7. personality disorder
8. antisocial personality disorder
9. anorexia nervosa
10. bulimia nervosa
11. binge eating disorder
12. psychotherapy
13. biomedical therapy
14. eclectic approach
15.psychoanalysis
16. resistance
17. interpretation
18. transference
19. psychodynamic therapy
20. insight therapies
21. client-centered therapy
22. active listening
23. unconditional positive regard

Define the following:
1. major depressive disorder
2. bipolar disorder
3. mania
4. rumination

a. How do major depressive disorder persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar depressive disorder differ?
b. How can the biological and social-cognitive perspectives help us understand depressive disorders and bipolar disorder?
c. What factors increase the risk of suicide, and what do we know about nonsuicidal self-injury?

Define the following: Module 65
1, psychological disorder
2. medical model
3. epigenetics
4. ADHD

a. Why is there a controversy over attention deficit disorder?
b. Discuss the symptoms, causes, and treatment for ADHD.

Module 66
1. anxiety disorder
2. panic disorder
3. agoraphobia
4. phobia
5. obsessive compulsive disorder
6. PTSD

a. How do conditioning, cognition, and biology contribute to the feelings and thoughts that mark anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD?

Define the following: (Module 62)
1. personality inventory
2. MMPI
3. empirically derived test
Explain the following:
a. Big 5 Personality Factors

(Module 63)
1. social-cognitive perspective
2. behavioral approach
3. reciprocal determination

Explain the following personality theories:
a. psychoanalytic
b. psychodynamic
c. humanistic
d. trait
e. social-cognitive

Explain the following research methods to investigate personality:
a. case study
b. survey
c. projective tests
d. personality inventories
e. observation
f. experimentation

Define the following:
1. collective unconscious
2. projective test
3. TAT
4. Rorschach ink blot test
5. terror management theory

a. What is the difference between Freud's view of the unconscious and modern psychology's view? (module 60 - The Modern Unconscious Mind)

Define the following:
1. Psychodynamic theories
2. Personality
3. psycho analysis
4. unconscious
5. free association
6. id
7. ego
8. superego
9. psychosexual stages
10. Oedipus complex

a. Explain Freud's Psychosexual stages
b. What are the 7 defense mechanisms? Explain each one.
c.

Explain the following:
1. stress
2. stress appraisal
3. general adaptation syndrome
4. tend-and-befriend -response
5. health psychology
6.psychoneuroimmunology
7. coronary heart disease
8. Type A personality
9. Type B personality
10. catharsis

Answer the following questions:
a. What are the three types of stressors?
b. How do we respond and adapt to stress?
c. Why are some people more prone to heart disease than others?

. Define the following:
1. emotion
2. James-Lange theory
3. Cannon-Bard theory
4. Schachter-Singer Two Factor theory
5. Robert Zajonc
6. Joseph LeDoux
7. Richard Lazarus

a. Explain how a polygraph works.

8. behavior feedback affect
9. facial feedback affect
10. Ekman's research on emotional expression (explain)

1. Describe the physiological factors that produce hunger.
2. Discuss cultural and situational factors that produce hunger.
3. Explain how we are affected by obesity and the factors involved in weight management.
4. Describe the experience that points to our human affiliation need - our need to belong.
5.How does social networking influence us?
6 Explain in detail what is achievement motivation.

Define the following:
1. motivations
2. instinct
3. psychological need
4. drive-reduction theory
5. homeostasis
6.incentive
7. Yerkes-Dodson law

a. Explain in detail Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

Define the following:
1. menopause
2. cross-sectional study
2. longitudinal study
4. neurocognitive disorder
5. Alzheimers disease
6.social clock

a. What physical changes occur during middle and late adulthood?
b. How does memory change with age?
c. How do neurocgnitve disorders and Alzheimers disease affect cognitive ability?
d. What themes and influences mark our social journey from early adulthood to death?
e.How does our well-being change across the life span?

Cite the issue and description of task for the following using Erickson's stages of psychosocial development:
1. Infancy
2. Toddler
3. Preschool
4. Elementary school
5. Adolescence
6.Young adulthood
7. Middle adulthood
8. Late adulthood

Define the following:
a. identity
b. social identity
c. intimacy
d. emerging adulthood

Answer the following questions:
1. How do early experiences modify the brain?
2. In what ways do parents and peers shape children's development?
3.How is adolescence defined?
4. How do physical changes affect developing teens?
5 How did Piaget, Kohlberg, and other researchers describe adolescent cognitive and moral development?

Define the following:
1. sex
2. gender
3. aggression
4. relational aggression
5. role
6. gender role
7. gender identity
8. social learning theory
9. gender typing
10. androgyny
11. transgender

a. What factors contribute to gender bias in the workplace?

1. Explain the four types of parenting styles.

Explain the following:
1. Kohlberg's moral development
2. Erickson's psychosocial development
3. Piaget's cognitive development

Explain the following stages of development:
1. Sensorimotor stage
2. Preoperational stage
3. Concrete Operational stage
4. Formal Operational stage

Define the following
1. conservation
2.object permanence

1. If someone asked you what you learned in class this semester, what would you say? List 3 things you learned in this class and write a paragraph on each. (3 total).

After viewing the lecture, answer the following questions:
1. Describe the characteristics of an intelligence test, and distinguish between achievement and aptitude tests.
2.Discuss when and why intelligence tests differ from early intelligence tests.
3. Describe the normal curve and explain standardization, reliability, and validity.

Define the following:
1. intelligence
2. general intelligence
3. factor analysis
4. savant syndrome
5. grit
6. emotional intelligence

Explain the following theories of intelligence. What are the strengths and other considerations of each:
1, Spearman's general intelligence
2. Gardener's multiple intelligences
3. Sternberg's triarchic theory

Define the following:
1. algorithm
2. heuristic
3. insight
4. confirmation bias
5. fixation
6. mental set
7.intuition
8. representativeness heuristic
9. availability heuristic
10. overconfidence
11. belief perseverance
12. framing
13. Wolfgang Kohler
14. Amos Tversky
15. Daniel Kahneman
16. Fear Factor - Why do we fear the wrong things? (4 things - what are they)?

Define the following:
1. cognition
2. concept
3. prototype
4. creativity
5. convergent thinking
6. divergent thinking
Short answer:
a. Discuss the factors associated with creativity and describe some of the ways of fostering creativity.

Define the following:
1. anterograde amnesia
2.retrograde amnesia
3. proactive interference
4. retroactive interference
5. repression
6. reconsolidation
7. misinformation effect
8. source amnesia

Answer the following:
a. Why do we forget?
b. Describe the reliability of young children's eyewitness accounts.
c. How can you use memory research findings to do better in all your classes?

After viewing lecture go to assignment post

1. What is the capacity and location of our long-term memories?
2. How do the frontal lobes and hippocampus operate regarding memory processing?
3 What are the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in memory processing?
4. How do emotions affect our memory processing?
5. How do external cues, internal emotions, and order of appearance influence memory retrieval?

Define the following:
semantic memory
episodic memory
hippocampus
memory consolidation
flashbulb memory
long-term potentiation
priming
encoding specificity principle
mood-congruent memory
serial position effect

1. Define memory and explain how memory is measured.
2.Discuss how psychologists describe the human memory system.
3. Describe the differences between explicit and implicit memories.
4. Discuss the information we process automatically.
5.Explain how sensory memory works.
6. Describe our short-term and working memory process.
7. Discuss the levels of processing and their effect on encoding.

Key terms
1. observational learning
2. modeling
3. mirror neurons
4.imitation
5. prosocial behavior

Short answer
1. Differentiate observational learning from associative learning, and explain how observational learning may be enabled by neural mirroring.
2. Discuss the impact of prosocial modeling and anitsocial modeling.
3. Explain the violence-viewing affect.

Terms: Define
1. operant conditioning
2. law of effect
3. operant chamber
4. reinforcement
5. shaping
6. discriminative stimulus
7. negative reinforcement
8. primary reinforcer
9. conditioned reinforcer
10. reinforcement schedule
11. continuous reinforcement schedule
12.partial(intermittent)reinforcement schedule
13. fixed ratio schedule
14. variable-ratio schedule
15. fixed interval schedule
16. variable interval schedule
17. intermittent reinforcement schedules
18. punishment

Question 1.- What is operant conditioning?
2. What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
3. How do different reinforcement schedules affect behavior?
4, How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement?

Define the following:
1. learning
2. habituation
3. associative learning
4. stimulus
5. respondent behavior
6. operant behavior
7. cognitive learning
8. classical conditioning
9. behaviorism
10. neutral stimulus
11. unconditioned response
12. unconditioned stimulus
13. conditioned response
14. conditioned stimulus
15.aquisition
16. higher order thinking
17. extinction
18. spontaneous recovery
19. generalization
20. discrimination

1. Describe the hearing process, including the specific nature of energy transduction, relevant anatomical structure, and specialized pathways in the brain for each of the senses.
2. Describe the taste and smell processes including the specific nature of energy transduction , relevant anatomical structures, and specialized pathways in the brain for each of the senses.
3. Describe the sensory processes, including the specific nature of energy transduction, relevant anatomical structures, and specialized pathways in the brain for each of the body senses.

1. What are the characteristics of air pressure waves that we hear as sound?
2. How does the ear transform sound energy into neural messages?
3. How do we detect loudness, discriminate pitch, and locate sounds?
4. Identify the role of the eardrum, three bones in the middle ear, and the oval window in transmitting sound waves before they reach the hair cells.

Define the following:
1. gestalt
2. figure-ground
3.grouping
4. depth perception
5. visual cliff
6. binocular cue
7. retinal disparity
8. monocular cue
9. phi phenomenom
10. perceptual constancy
11. color constancy
12. relative luminance
13. shape constancy
14. perceptual adaptation

As you watch the lectures, make a list of 10 points of interest on both (20 total).

1. wavelength
2. hue
3. intensity
4. cornea
6. pupil
7. iris
8. lens
9. retina
10. accomodation
11. rods
12. cones
13. optic nerve
14. blind spot
15. fovea
16. feature detectors
17. parallel processing

1. sensation
2. sensory receptor
3. perception
4. bottom-up processing
5. top-down processing
6. selective attention
7. inattentional blindness
8. change blindness
9. transduction
10. psychophysics
11.absolute threshold
12. difference threshold
13. priming
14. Webers Law
15. sensory adaption

Define the following:
1. sleep
2. circadian rhythm
3. REM sleep
4. alpha waves
5. suprachiasmatic nucleus
6. insomnia
7. narcolepsy
8. sleep apnea
9. night terrors
10. dreams
11. manifest content
12. latent content
13. REM rebound

Answer the following:
1.How does sleep loss affect us ?
2. What are the major sleep disorders?
3. What do we dream?
4. What functions have theorists proposed for dreams?

1. Describe evolutionary psychologists use of natural selection to explain behavior tendencies. (15-1)
2. Discuss evolutionary explanations for male-female differences in sexuality and mating preferences. (15-2)
3. Explain the key criticisms of evolutionary explanations of human sexuality, and discuss how evolutionary psychologists respond. ( 15-3)
4. Describe the biopsychosocial approach to development. ( 15-4)
5. Have a super weekend! Go Lakers!!!!!!!!

Define the following:
1. cerebral cortex
2. frontal lobes
3. parietal lobes
4. occipital lobes
5. temporal lobes
6. motor cortex
7. somatosensory cortex
8. association areas
9. plasticity
10.neurogenesis

1. What are the four lobes that make up the cerebral cortex?
2. What are their functions?
3.What functions do association areas perform?
4. Discuss how the association area in the frontal lobe affected Phineas Gage.

After viewing the video, list 10 items you learned abou the older rain structure and limbic system.

Define the following:
1. behavior genetics
2. heredity
3. environment
4. chromosomes
5. DNA
6.genes
7. genome
8. monozygotic twins
9. fraternal twins
10. heretibility
11. interaction
12. molecular genetics
13. epigenetics

Define the following:
1. corpus callosum
2. split brain
3. consciousness
4. cognitive neuroscience
5. dual processing
6. blindsight
7. parallel processing
8. sequential processing

1. What were some of the important ideas discussed in Part 1?
2. What were some important ideas expressed in Part 2?
3. Define the following:
endocrine system
hormones
adrenal glands
pituitary glands

Define the following:
1. nervous system
2. central nervous system
3. peripheral nervous system
4.nerves
5. sensory neurons
6.motor neurons
7. interneurons
8. somatic nervous system
9. autonomic nervous system
10. sympathetic nervous sytem
11. parasympathetic nervous system
12. reflexes

Explain how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems operate. See diagram in text,unit 2,part1, page 92 in new edition.

After watching the two video lectures, list 10 items on each (20 total) that you learned from the presentations.

Define the following terms:
1. neurons
2. cell body
3. dendrites
4. axon
5. myelin sheath
6. glial cells
7. action potential
8. threshold
9. refractory period
10. all-or-nothing response
11. synapse
12. neurotransmitters
13. endorphins
14. agonist
15. antagonist

Define the following:
1. Range
2. standard deviation
3. normal curve
4. Skewed
5. statistical significance

Compare the following research methods:
Descriptive
Correlational
Experimental
What is the basic purpose, how is it conducted, what is manipulated, what are the weaknesses.

Explain the different types of research:
Part 1
1. Naturalistic Observation
2. Case studies
3. Surveys
4. Interviews

Part 2
What are the Advantages and disadvantages of each?

Answer the following mc and short answer questions on a google doc.

1. Alex, a high school junior , has been struggling recently in many areas of his life. He is overweight, and spends several hours a day watching Netflix and YouTube. He is having trouble keeping up in class and says he cannot maintain his focus. He is also having trouble making friends and fitting in at school.

Explain how the following applied psychologists might attempt to help Alex's current situation.

- Health Psychologist
- School Psychologist
- Counseling Psychologist


2. Arianna is nervous around large crowds and often leaves social situations such as school dances and parties because she feels like she might have a panic attack. Her father died when she was a little girl but she still often has nightmares about his death. Arianna enjoys school. She generally receives good grades and appreciates positive feedback from her teachers, which further encourages her to impove her academic skills.

Explain how each of the seven main theoretical perspectives in psychology would explain Arianna's behavior.

Discuss the following main psychology and basic research subfields:
1. cognitive
2. developmental
3. educational
4. experimental
5. psychometric
6. social

Discuss the following applied research subfields:
1. forensic
2. environmental
3.health
4. industrial
5. neuropsychologists
6.rehabilitation
7. school
sports

Take notes on presentation

Define the following key people:
1. Wilhelm Wundt
2. G.Stanley Hall
3. Edward Titchner
4. William James
5. Charles Darwin
6. Mary Whiton Calkins
7. Margaret Washburn
8. John B. Watson
10. B.F.Skinner
11. Sigmund Freud
12.Carl Rogers
13.Abraham Maslow
14.Ivan Pavlov
15. Jean Piaget
16. Dorthea Dix

Define the following terms. These are due today at 4 pm
1.critical thinking
2. empiricism
3. structuralism
4. introspection
5.functionalism
6. behaviorism
7. humanistic psychology
8. cognitive psychology
9. cognitive neuroscience
10. psychology
11.Nature-nurture issue
12. natural selection
13. evolutionary psychology
14. behavior genetics
15. culture
16. positive psychology
17. biopsychosocial approach
18. behavioral psychology
19. biological psychology
20. psychodynamic psychology

Please read through the Google Doc for details on the Just Mercy Project. The due date for the project will be August 16, 11:59pm. You will be submitting your project on the Google Classroom assignment page here.

Please read through the Google Doc for details on the Just Mercy Writing Assignment. Your writing assignment should be submitted on a Doc by August 3rd at 11:59pm.